Hormone Cycle of Menstruation and Ovulation

Audio Transcript Auto-generated

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  Hi,

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  my name is Haley pots and I'm going to

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  be discussing the hormone cycles of menstruation and ovulation.

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  So this begins with the menstrual phase,

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  Which is the very first phase of the menstrual cycle and its days 1-6.

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  So in this phase, estrogen levels are low.

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  You're shedding the endometrial lining of the Uterus or the inner layers

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  that's made out of three layers and you're bleeding through your vagina

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  and then the bleeding is controlled by vessel spasms in the basal arteries.

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  So the hormone mentioned in here is estrogen.

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  So we're going to go a little deeper on

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  that estrogen hormone is responsible for maturation of follicles,

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  secondary sexual characteristics or characteristics like body hair

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  growth widening of hips or enlargement of breasts

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  and the highest during proliferated phase and

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  levels fall one day before ovulation.

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  This little diagram I thought was really cute just

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  because it shows hair growth and you know,

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  that's one of the secondary characteristics.

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  Then we're going to go into the symptoms that many people who have

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  experienced the cycle are familiar with and or it varies from each person.

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  So you might not have any symptoms.

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  So the menstrual phase symptoms are cramps, tender breasts, bloating,

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  mood swings, irritability, headaches,

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  tiredness and low back pain and honestly can be many things,

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  but these are the most common.

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  So then, as we get out of here,

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  We're going to go into the next phase,

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  which is the proliferated phase and that's the second part of the menstrual cycle,

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  which is day 17-14.

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  And this is the rising estrogen

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  levels of progesterone is thickening the endometrium

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  which is again the inner light

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  inner layer of your uterus

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  and the cervical mucus is now turning clear thin,

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  watery and it's becoming more outlined, getting ready for ovulation.

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  And the vaginal ph increases to 7.5 from its normal 3.8 to 4.5,

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  which I provided the scale over here to the side.

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  So this one mentions progesterone.

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  And so we're going to go a little deeper into that.

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  So progesterone is secreted by the corpus ludie um or a normal

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  cyst that forms on the ovary each month of the childbearing year.

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  So this supports pregnancy if it occurs and

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  it's also highest during the Secretary phase.

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  If pregnancy occurs,

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  progesterone production is taken over by the placenta around 12

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  weeks of pregnancy or the end of your first trimester.

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  So over here I put this little guy to symbolize

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  the cyst or the corpus ludie um on the ovaries.

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  So as we back out of here, we're going to go to the Secretary phase,

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  Which is the third phase of the menstrual cycle which is days 15 through 26.

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  And that is when cervical mucus becomes thicker

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  and more elastic progesterone levels are rising.

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  If fertilization happens then progesterone thickens the endometrium.

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  And if no fertilization happens then the ischemic phase begins,

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  which is the next little part here, which isn't an official phase.

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  But it is part of the menstrual cycle, it's basically a part of the secretary phase.

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  So in the ischemic phase. Days 27-28 the corpus lithium degenerates

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  which is your little sister guy over here exploding

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  the progesterone and estrogen levels drop.

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  Which is what causes this trigger

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  and vascular changes in the endometrium occur and the menstrual flow

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  begins which puts you right back at day one of your

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  mm hmm menstrual cycle

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  Then as we come out of here to the follicular phase.

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  That is the first phase of the ovarian

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  cycle which these overlap with each other because obviously

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  this is days one through 14 and some of that falls into the menstruation cycle as well

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  and these are happening simultaneously. So the ovarian cycle has

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  during this phase is low estrogen progesterone triggers G. N. R. H. Or

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  gonadotropin releasing hormone.

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  The anterior pituitary gland releases LH and FSH

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  or lieutenant analyzing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

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  And day 14 increases estrogen causing an LH surge. Also known as ovulation.

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  Progesterone increases because of the higher levels of LH.

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  And if your cycle is longer or shorter than 28 days.

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  This phase is the reason and the only one that really varies a lot.

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  So in this we're gonna we mentioned ovulation.

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  So the ovulation is when your estrogen peaks and it's a 48 hour LH search.

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  This is where you might see your temperature is spiking

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  your cervical mucus is a little bit more watery and thin

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  and clear.

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  Um the egg releases and travels to the Fallopian tubes.

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  The ovum or egg so that the same thing is fertile

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  for 6-24 hours and is when you can get pregnant.

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  But the thing to keep into consideration especially if you're doing

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  natural family planning is that sperms fertile for 2-3 days.

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  Um

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  And basically if you had sex prior to ovulation within that

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  2-3 days the sperm could still be alive while you're ovulating.

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  Even if you don't think that that's the time that you could have gotten pregnant.

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  And then we're going to mention some more hormones

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  again and go a little deeper into these.

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  So the gonadotropin releasing hormone.

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  This hormone is produced by the hypothalamus hypothalamus in the brain

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  when released in

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  it causes the pituitary gland to produce LH and FSH.

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  So those two are the lutin Izing hormone and follicle stimulating

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  hormone which we're about to dive into a little bit more.

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  So the lutin izing hormone is responsible

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  for the final maturation of the graphene follicle

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  increases progesterone production produced by the anterior pituitary gland and

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  as a result of G. N. R. H. Production.

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  And then as we back out of here we're gonna talk about the follicle stimulating

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  hormone which this hormone is responsible for

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  the overall maturation of the graphene follicle.

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  FSH causes the follicle to travel to the surface of the ovary.

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  This is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. After G. N. R. H.

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  Has been released. So it's very similar.

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  They're both triggered by the initial

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  release of the gonadotropin releasing hormone.

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  So then as we back out of here

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  Move on to the next phase which is the Lucille phase

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  and the loaded all phases the second part of the ovarian cycle which is days 15-28.

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  And this is a fixed phase. So this will always be the same distance of time.

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  LH influences the ruptured follicle to become the corpus ludie. Um

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  So now we're back to that corpus lithium again.

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  That produces hormones if pregnancy does continue

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  and or degenerates if it does not.

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  So the corpus lithium secretes progesterone and estrogen

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  for pregnancy until the placenta takes over.

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  If fertilization happens and if pregnancy doesn't occur then the

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  corpus lithium degenerates over seven days and the cycle begins again

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  at the menstrual phase which is then the first day

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  to seven days of bleeding and various person to person.

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  So then as we come through here.

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  So if pregnancy does occur throughout all of this process

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  the ischemic phase isn't triggered

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  because estrogen and progesterone never dropped

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  and the corpus of sodium doesn't degenerate being

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  continues to produce hormones until the placenta takes over

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  the human chorionic gonadotropin.

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  HCG is produced by the fertilized egg which is the

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  the thing that comes back positive on pregnancy tests or blood

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  tests when you're trying to find out if you are pregnant

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  and the endometrium becomes a decide you and is maintained by progesterone.

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  So now instead of shutting its lining it is firming up and it's holding

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  into it because now you have a reason to keep it in there.

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  So and then we're going to go through a couple of extra

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  hormones that occur throughout all of this and the child bearing phases.

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  So prostaglandins,

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  these hormones are produced in the endometrium

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  and they are crucial to follicle rupture and population.

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  There are two types of prostaglandins. There's prostaglandin E.

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  And prostaglandin F. So prostaglandin E.

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  Is a smooth muscle relaxant and vaso dilator and P. G. F. For prostaglandin F.

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  Is a vaso constrictor and increases contract ill. Itty of muscles and arteries.

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  So I have my cute little guys over here to help you remember. So PG E. I'd like to thank

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  PG E. Z.

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  Um because it's it's going easy it's relaxing.

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  And then for P. G. F.

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  I like to think of PG flex because it's like flexing its tightening.

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  Um And that just is kind of my way to remember how these work.

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  So then as you come into relaxing

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  this hormone is produced by the corpus sodium and the placenta.

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  This contributes to cervical softening and it relaxes cartilage and synthesis

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  Kocsis and sacred iliac joints which are bones in your pelvis.

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  So basically at that end of pregnancy which

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  is the highest concentration between 38 42 weeks,

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  relax.

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  It's the thing that helps your cervix soften and get ready for labor and helps

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  all the bones in your pelvis move and relax to help a baby fit through.

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  And then as we come through here to the prolactin,

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  This hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary

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  gland and it's responsible for lactation during postpartum.

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  So in large amounts this hormone can prohibit ovulation, which is the what?

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  The lactation and memory,

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  a method where the lamb method of birth control is based off of.

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  But this method is reliable if paired with

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  natural family planning or tracking your ovulation.

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  Because without it you basically don't know

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  if you've ovulating or not until your menstrual

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  cycle begins and by then you've already

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  ovulating and you could have already become pregnant

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  without knowing it.

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  So this is when you're going to want to pair with something

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  of another method tracking operation or you can even pair it with

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  um birth control methods that involve spermicide or barrier methods

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  just to make sure that you are protected from that.

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  And then I have the liquid gold over

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  here which symbolizes breast milk that this helps produce

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  because the first little bit that you get

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  is called liquid gold which is the colostomy.

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  Um and it's just kind of a fun little tribute to that.

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  So then as we back out of here,

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  that is all of the phases of the menstruation and ovulation cycles.

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  And my references are down in the corner. Thank you for joining me today